Case Examples
Warmblood yearling presented with an injury at the left tarsal joint. (Bone Window, Sagittal Plane)
Bone window, frontal: new bone formation and lytic lesions in talus and central tarsal bone
Bone window, transverse: new bone formation and lytic lesions in talus and central tarsal bone
Soft tissue window, frontal: severe desmopathy and enthesopathy of the medial collateral ligament
Soft tissue window, sagittal: severe enthesopathy of the pars tibiocalcanea of the medial collateral ligament
Diagnosis
Massive traumatic bone lesions in the left talocrural joint with lytic lesion in the adjacent joint surfaces.
In addition, however, there is severe desmopathy and enthesopathy of the medial collateral ligament. The CT images show severe longitudinal tears and fibrillations in both the long and short parts of this ligament. The short part (pars tibiocalcanea) is partially ruptured.
The 3D reconstruction shows a cartilage lesion progressing toward osteoarthritis of the elbow joint.
Severe subchondral lytic bone lesion in proximo-medial radius surrounded by severe sclerosis
Isolated small bone fragment and cyst-like bone lesions in palmar aspect of elbow joint
Periosteal bone formation proximal radial bone
Diagnosis
Chronic osteoarthritis of the right elbow joint and destructive bone reactions with a small bone fragment related to the syndesmosis of the radius and ulna.
3D reconstruction of the cervical spine in a horse with mild, inconsistent bilateral forelimb lameness of unclear origin.
Bone window, sagittal image: discopathy with mineralization and protrusion of the intervertebral disc between C4/C5
Soft tissue window, sagittal image: discopathy with mineralization and protrusion of the intervertebral disc between C4/C5
Bone window, axial image at the level of C2/3
Bone window, coronal image at the level of the cranial neck
Bone window, sagittal image: arthropathy of the left facet joint with a isolated bone fragment C2/C3
Diagnosis
The CT images describe an arthropathy of the left facet joint between C2 and 3 which is related to an isolated bone fragment at the left cranial articular process of C3. Arthroscopic removal of such fragments has been described recently. Just like the easily recognizable discopathy, the evaluation of the clinical significance of these findings is difficult. However, these changes are frequently found in so-called “poor performance” cases.
10 yo showjumper, 2/5 left front lameness straight line, 3/5 on left circle, mild improvement after DIP joint block, positive abaxial nerve block
Bone window, axial: contrast medium in the lesions of the collateral ligament lesion of the DIP joint
Soft tissue window, frontal: contrast medium in a longitudinal split lesion of the medial collateral ligament of the DIP joint.
Diagnosis
CT images present a desmopathy of the medial collateral ligament of the DIP joint
The lesion can already be clearly seen on the soft tissue images without contrast.
Intra-articular application of contrast agent improves visualization and may be helpful in smaller lesions.
Bone window, sagittal image, irregular palmar contour MC III, mineralization HSL
Soft tissue window– transversal – comparison left right front– severe core lesion and hypertrophy left high suspensory ligament
Soft tissue window – transversal – hypertrophy and mineralization left HSL
Soft tissue window, sagittal image, core lesion, hypertrophy and mineralization HSL
Diagnosis
Chronic enthesopathy and desmopathy in the origin of the high suspensory ligament with obvious sclerotic and lytic and proliferative reactions of the third metacarpal bone. Severe core lesion in the HSL with chronic mineralization.
Bone window, transverse image, tooth 109, buccal wall discontinuity, gas inclusions, periodontal changes
Bone window, sagittal image, tooth 109, abnormal pulp horns, occlusal fissure, apical infection
Bone window, coronal image, apical infection tooth 109, buccal wall discontinuity, gas inclusions, sinus involvement
Oral endoscopy, tooth 109, abnormal pulp horn, occlusal fissure
Radiograph, lateral view, tooth 109, buccal root shortening, irregular structure, alveolar sclerosis
Diagnosis
Apical infection of tooth 109 with secondary sinusitis.
Radiographs showed abnormal pulp horns, an occlusal fissure, root shortening, and alveolar sclerosis, while CT revealed mucosal thickening in the maxillary sinuses, buccal wall discontinuity, and gas inclusions in the periodontal space and pulp chamber.
Fetlock joint, sagittal slice of a contrast study in the bone window – The contrast agent is embedded in the cartilage lesions. In this case there are both partial thickness and full-thickness-lesions
Fetlock joint, coronal slice of a contrast study in the bone window – CT arthrography (standing) of the non weight bearing limbs enables separation of both articular surfaces and shows multiple lesions of varying depth. Diagnosis of an osteoarthritis in the fetlock
Hoof, coronal slice of a contrast study in the bone window – At the level of the navicular bone an insertional tendinopathy in the medial branch of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) can be detected
Hoof, coronal slice in bone window: contrast medium within a lesion of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) at its insertion on the distal phalanx (P3).
Hoof, coronal slice of a native scan in the soft tissue window: Insertional tendinopathy of the medial branch of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT)
Hoof, axial slice in the soft tissue window: Dorsal border split in the medial branch of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) at the level of the flexor surface of the navicular bone
